Paul ehrlich proposed idea of using a drug that would selectively find and kill pathogen, but not harm human cells early 1900s 2. Classification of bacteria antibiotics lecture 1 youtube. An antibiotic should be selectively toxic to pathogenic microorganisms, should not incite an allergic response in the body, should not upset the normal microbial population of various body sites, and should not foster the development of. For example, if a bacteria became resistant to ampicillin, it would also have some level of resistance to other penicillinlike antibiotics. Most classes of antibiotics, including the blactam antibiotics, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. This nickname formed the basis of the group of antibiotics that were subsequently isolated, the rifamycins. Reserve broad spectrum antibiotics for indicated conditions only the following information is a consensus guide. Erythromycin and the other macrolide antibiotics bind to the 50s subunit of sensitive microorganisms. When a bacteria becomes resistant to a specific drug within a drug class, it gains some level of resistance to drugs within the same class. Penicillin and ciprofloxacin penicillin was discovered by alexander fleming in 1928 introduced as medicine in the 1940s antibiotics can have broad or narrow spectrum. Penicillins cell wall synthesis inhibitors antibiotics. However, on a cautionary note, the pathogens are fighting back and we humans are locked in a neverending arms race with these microscopic adversaries.
The pew charitable trusts is working to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics by eliminating the overuse and misuse of drugs in food animal production. Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, niaid from flickr. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Antibiotics weaken the cell wall, and cause the cell to lyse. Pharmacologic principles of antimicrobial therapy i. Chloramphenicol and other antibiotics that target the 50s ribosomal subunit. Bacteria, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance pdf. D march 11, 2015 laura bishop julie harting focuses primarily on basic antimicrobial principles including pharmacokinetics absorption, distribution, elimination, mechanisms of bacterial resistance and reallife considerations when ordering antibiotics on rounds.
Although antibiotics have many beneficial effects, their use has created the problem of antibiotic resistance which is the ability of bacteria to resist the effects of an antibiotic. A short history of antibiotic discovery and development. However, we get hesitant when we start talking about systemic antibiotics. Differ in physical, chemical, pharmacological properties differ in antibacterial spectrum of activity differ in their mechanism of action. Lecture6 introduction to antibiotics introduction to. I think this is an important lecture, particularly for optometrists who are out there right now. Antibiotics are not recommended for acute uncomplicated bronchitis. Gordon, md, mph introduction to antimicrobials lecture aim. Be able to describe the mechanisms of action of drugs. Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for high risk contacts. Besides being of clinical importance, antibiotics are powerful probes to study ribosome structure and function. Topics discussed are definition of antibiotics, characteristics of an ideal antibiotic, history of antibiotics, discovery of the first antibiotics, penicillin, gramicidin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, etc. The opening video on a course on antibiotics, focusing on how morphology, gram stain, and other tests of bacteria can be used to create a clinically useful classification. This drug has proved essential in the treatment of tb.
Antibiotic classification and modes of action in the aes knowledge base, phenotypes are organized by drug class. The aes decision process attempts to identify a phenotype for each drug class tested. Doctors are studying new clinical tools to help limit unnecessary antibiotic use. Oral probenecid can be coadministered to inhibit the secretion of these medications at the kidneys, thus prolonging the drugs. We work with public health and food industry leaders, veterinarians, agricultural interests, academics, and citizen activists who share our objective of protecting human and animal health. Antibiotics are drugs that fight infections caused by bacteria. Cell wall synthesis, penicillins cephalosporins vancomycin betalactamase inhibitors carbapenems. Best antibiotic lecture naplex 2017 student doctor network. Better ways to know whether antibiotics are needed at all. The medicinal chemistry of antibiotics introduction the development of antibiotics over the past eight decades has been one of medicinal chemistrys greatest success stories. Secondary infection usually caused by depletion of natural flora. By senior scientist henrik hasman national food institutedtu antibiotics. Background biochemistry information needed for understanding mechanisms of action of antibiotics is presented.
Paul ehrlich proposed idea of using a drug that would selectively find and kill. Antibiotic resistance antibiotics lecture 9 duration. Be able to define selective toxicity and its importance to the development of antibiotics. Bacterial etiologies of common infections antibiotics lecture 2 duration. An antimicrobic or antimicrobial agent is a chemical substance similar to an antibiotic, but may be synthetic. Jan 19, 20 bacterial etiologies of common infections antibiotics lecture 2 duration. View notes lecture6 introduction to antibiotics from micr 4010 at university of guelph. Broadspectrum cephalosporin treats urinary tract infection uti by e. Chemotherapy treatment of a disease by a chemical compound selectively directed against invading microbes or abnormal cells 2. We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services. Introduction to antibiotics lecture 6 drugs separated by mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, adverse.
The misuse or overuse of antibiotics, mayproduce serious effects on health. We own the anterior segment this is our area, and we can use topical antibiotics really, really well. Antibiotics are medicines for bacterial infections examples of antibiotics. Bacterial evolution has outpaced the ability of researchers to produce effective antibiotics to deal with the new strains. By chemical modification of the rifamycins, rifampicin was created. Good morning i am studying for the naplex, i paid for the full rxprep course, i found that the lectures on antibiotic is not really good, i kept looking on youtube, until i found this lecture, really easy to understand and remember. Symptoms are significant or severe there is a high risk of complications the infection is not resolving or is unlikely to resolve 2. The identity of the infecting organism must be known, or at the very least, it must be possible to make a probability assessment of the most likely culprits 2. Antibiotics lecture free download as powerpoint presentation. Antibiotics are products of microorganisms that react with and inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. Top 10 antibacterial companies by global sales of antibiotics in. The binding place is known to be near the binding spot of chloramphenicol, between the a and the p site. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Bacteria, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance photo.
It is a contributing factor to the creation ofmultidrugresistant bacteria, informallycalled super bugs relatively harmlessbacteria can develop resistance tomultiple. Ribosomes are a major target for natural and synthetic antibiotics. Empiric therapy often broad spectrum definitive therapy if possible, initial empiric therapy should be changed to an antibiotic with a narrower spectrum of activity prophylactic or preventative therapy culture and sensitivities identify the pathogen determine the sensitivity of the organism to. Antibiotic misuse, sometimes calledantibiotic abuse or antibiotic overuse. Factors to be considered in the initial choice of antibiotics 1.
When broad spectrum antibiotics destroy beneficial bacteria, opportunistic microbes begin to. When resistance occurs, bacteria change, survive, and. Antibiotics of choice for systemic infections caused by streptococcus pyogenes and pneumoniae and treponema pallidum syphilitic disease. Todays lecture is going to talk about systemic antibiotics. Minimum effective concentrations are those needed to inhibit growth. Vancomycin resistant enterococci vre multiresistant e. Lecture notes antibiotics, toxins, and protein engineering. In order to understand and use the software effectively, it is important to have a solid working knowledge of antibiotic classification. However, some important classes of antibiotics including the sulfa antibiotics, the quinolones, and.
An antibiotic agent is usually considered to be a chemical substance made by a microorganism that can inhibit the growth or kill microorganisms. Pdf this presentation may be benefit to explain antibiotic resistant to bacteria and some tips to avoid antibiotic resistant spread between. Compared to those who received longer courses of antibiotics, patients who received fewer antibiotics had either the same or a slightly lower risk of being colonized by antibioticresistant bacteria. Antibiotics lecture one topics course outline slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Cephalosporinresistant salmonella esbl fluoroquinolone and macrolideresistant campylobacter.
Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. No sooner is a new agent introduced than the bacteria develops a means to resist it. Staphylococcus aureus are resistant to all antibiotics. It is believed that these antibiotics prohibit the peptide chain from the a to the p site. Mechanisms and classification of antibiotics antibiotics. Describe the mechanism of action of penicillin and the mechanism of resistance to penicillin. Linezolid was introduced to the marketplace in 2001. Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria, niaid from flickr.
Chemistry 259 medicinal chemistry of modern antibiotics. A basic introductory lecture to antibiotics and antibiotic resistance from react powerpoint slides, pdf version. Drugs that destroy microbes, prevent their multiplication or growth, or prevent their pathogenic action. We have natural bacteria in the body so when that natural flora is depleted because of antibiotics, other organisms can grow. Antibiotic a microbial product or its derivative that kills or inhibits growth of a susceptible organism 3. The likely antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the invading organisms must be estimated. Successful antimicrobial therapy occurs when an effective concentration of drug is delivered to the site of infection for a sufficient period of time. Antibiotics are prescribed by doctorsantibiotics are prescribed by doctors to fight bacterial infections. Basis of antimicrobial chemotherapy drug therapy b. Pdf it was my pleasure to present a talk to my colleagues including future colleagues on antibiotic prescribing in dental practice. Making new and effective antibiotics to deal with the challenge of resistant organisms is becoming very difficult. History of antibiotics chemistry 259 medicinal chemistry of modern antibiotics spring 2012. Antibiotics naturally occurring antimicrobials metabolic products of bacteria and.
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